Calcium fluoride (CaF2) crystals play an irreplaceable role in the high-end optical field due to their unique optical properties. Its core advantages lie in its deep ultraviolet transmission capability and optical isotropy (without birefringence), making it the preferred material in multiple key fields.

A reflective telescope is a telescope that uses the principle of reflection to image, and its imaging principle and optical path are different from those of a refracting telescope. Reflective telescopes use convex lens to reflect light, and then project an image through a small lens placed at the focal point, thereby achieving the function of magnifying distant objects.

Terahertz waves refer to electromagnetic waves with frequencies ranging from 0.1 to 10 THz (wavelength 30 μ m-3 mm), between microwave and infrared, and were once known as the "THz Gap" due to technological limitations.

3D endoscope technology has become one of the indispensable and important tools in modern medicine. It enables doctors to observe and manipulate organs and tissues in the patient's body in real-time during surgery by utilizing advanced optical and imaging technologies.