Silicon

Silicon

Monocrystalline silicon is an infrared optical material with excellent comprehensive cost performance. Optical grade Czochralski silicon (OCZ-Si) as a transmission grade material is widely used in the mid-infrared (3-5um) band, and the infrared transmittance exceeds 50%. Zone-melted monocrystalline silicon can be used in a wider band (1-14um), and high-purity zone-melted monocrystalline silicon (HPFZ-Si) can even be used in the far infrared band (greater than 30um). The choice of silicon type depends on the wavelength range, component thickness and specific application.

Description of Silicon

Single crystal silicon is a chemically inert material with high hardness and insoluble in water. It has good light transmission performance in the 1.2-7μm band, and it also has good light transmission in the far infrared band 300-300μm. Performance, which is a feature that other optical and infrared materials do not have. Silicon (Si) single crystals are usually used in the substrate of 3-5μm mid-wave infrared optical windows and optical filters. Because of the material's good thermal conductivity and low density, It is also a common material for making laser mirrors. The density of monocrystalline silicon is 2.316g/cm³, and the Knoop hardness is 1150, which is harder and less fragile than germanium.


Specification of Silicon

Crystallographic

Growth Method

CZ OR FZ

Purity

>99.9999%



Optical

Refractive Index at n3.0

3.436

Refractive Index at n5.0

3.426

Thermal Coefficient of Refractive Index at 25 ℃

1.50 x 10-4

Transmission Range, microns

1.2 - 10, 50 - 100



Thermal

Thermal Linear Expansion, ℃-1 for 25 ℃

2.55 x 10-6

Thermal Conductivity, W/(m * ℃) at 27 ℃

159

Specific Heat Capacity, J/(kg * ℃)

0.712 x 103

Melting Point, ℃

1412



Mechanical

Density, g/cm3 at 20 ℃

2.33

Mohs Hardness

7

Young Modulus (E), Pa

1.89 x 1010

Shear Modulus (G), Pa

7.99 x 1010

Poisson Ratio

0.266

Chemical

Molecular Weight

28.09

Molecular Weight

insoluble


Ref. Index vs. Wavelength λ

Wavelength, Microns

Refractive Index

1.5

3.484

2.0

3.456

3.0

3.436

4.0

3.429

5.0

3.426

6.0

3.424

7.0

3.423

8.0

3.422

9.0

3.422

silica.jpg


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